Exploring Brain Disorders
- Hana Elgaweesh
- Feb 3
- 3 min read
Updated: Mar 2
Edmonton, AB
The human brain is so marvelous that it is impossible to comprehend its capability. It governs everything from our thoughts, emotions, physical movements, and basic survival functions. Yet, as remarkable as the brain is, it remains vulnerable to a range of disorders that disrupt its normal operations, often with profound consequences for those affected. Understanding these brain disorders -what causes them, whether they are hereditary, and what treatment options are available - is crucial in supporting individuals and advancing research for better therapies. In this article, we’ll explore three compelling brain disorders, highlighting the causes, symptoms, and treatments available for each.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily impacts memory and cognitive function. It often begins subtle, with mild forgetfulness which is usually mistaken for ageing; however, it eventually advances to severe memory loss, confusion, and difficulties with everyday tasks. The disease is caused by abnormal buildups of proteins, specifically amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which disrupt the communication and function of brain cells. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s include persistent memory loss, difficulty in reasoning, mood changes, language difficulties, and impaired judgment. Individuals often require full-time care in advanced stages as the disease affects basic bodily functions. While a family history of Alzheimer's may increase a person’s risk, only about 1% of cases are directly hereditary, known as familial Alzheimer's disease. Although there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, certain medications can help manage symptoms temporarily. Researchers continue to explore new treatments, such as gene therapy and lifestyle interventions, in hopes of slowing or stopping its progression.
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is another progressive brain disorder, primarily affecting movement. It often begins with a barely noticeable tremor in one hand but advances over time to affect balance, coordination, and muscle control. The disorder is linked to a loss of dopamine-producing neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra. While there is a genetic component that can increase susceptibility to Parkinson’s, most cases are thought to arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include tremors, stiffness, slowed movement, and impaired posture and balance. In advanced stages, speech may be slurred, and movements become increasingly difficult. Though Parkinson's has no cure, treatments like medication and deep brain stimulation can help manage symptoms. Exercise and physical therapy are also recommended to maintain mobility and quality of life.
Huntington’s Disease
Huntington’s disease is a genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, leading to uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and cognitive decline. Unlike Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, Huntington’s is caused by a specific genetic mutation. It’s inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a person with one parent with Huntington’s has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder. Symptoms generally appear in mid-adulthood and can include involuntary jerking or writhing movements, difficulties with concentration, mood swings, and problems with speech and swallowing. There is currently no cure for Huntington’s, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms through medication, therapy, and support for physical and cognitive challenges. Research is underway to develop targeted therapies to slow or halt the disease’s progression.
Brain disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s highlight the complexities of the human brain and how neurological dysfunction can impact lives. Each of these disorders, though different in origin and symptoms, underscores the necessity for continued research and innovation in the field of neuroscience. Advances in treatment hold promise, and ongoing support for affected individuals remains vital as we continue to uncover the mysteries of the brain. By fostering awareness and understanding, we can contribute to a future where these disorders are better managed, if not fully overcome.
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